Installation of HVAC System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Establishment of HVAC System - Assignment Example A creating organization AA Fertilizer Ltd is intending to set a manure plant in a remote zone. Since it’s a uninhabited area a township must be worked, before the erection of the manure plant, for the Engineers and other specialized staff’s convenience who might be employed. This would make the work bundles increasingly rewarding as well as spare the voyaging tolls which would have been offered something else. Considering the serious climatic limits existent in the locale where the township is to be raised, establishment of a focal warming and cooling framework gets basic. Task Alpha which we are thinking about would manage the establishment of a HVAC framework for the township. This will additionally cover the establishment and charging of air dealing with framework, siphoning framework, chiller plant and related hardware. Task Alpha will bring about helping the organization beat the cons of setting a manufacturing plant in a zone with extraordinary atmospheres and wit hout residence. We expect that the HVAC framework will be completely operational inside a half year of the ... Import and acknowledgment of material Prequalification of Contractors RFQ demand for citation Assessment of offers Grant of agreements Development of common establishment for HVAC Machinery Construction of mechanical channeling and erection funneling Electrical works - laying of intensity gracefully links Force gracefully to HVAC System Establishment of HVAC hardware and apparatus Establishment of funneling and interconnection with HVAC Equipment Charging of HVAC System Connect with the fan loop units in the habitations Checking the exhibition of the apparatus against the particulars like gathering the warming and cooling prerequisites Acknowledgment test End of venture For Cost Management the normal expenses are to be contrasted and the genuine uses and remedial activity taken. Gatherings or cost the executives will be directed. Files which encourage the monetary audit procedure would incorporate Cost Performance Index

Alternative Sources of Energy

Question: Should vehicles utilizing petroleum derivatives be supplanted via vehicle utilizing elective wellsprings of vitality? Answer: Presentation We are simple little animals in this colossal and wide world, and to get a handle on this enormous world and its assets we have created various innovations that encourage us in vanquishing this wonder. One of the most innovative and required development was transport. Vehicles, trucks, transports and different vehicles are the advanced relatives of the well established innovation. In any case, vehicles consume non-renewable energy sources (oil and diesel) that begins from the rotting of pre-noteworthy plants and creatures for many years. Petroleum products are the sole assets, which serve a large portion of the universes vitality needs. The non-renewable energy source saves, whenever doused then the world would enter a period of vitality insufficiency. Factual information uncovers at present the globe contains 892 billion tons of coal, 186 trillion cubic meters of flammable gas, and 1688 billion barrels of unrefined petroleum. Considering todays level of fuelextraction, coal will be expended in around a long time from now, the last cubic meter of flammable gas and unrefined petroleum will be devoured by 2069.Hence elective wellsprings of vitality requests prompt consideration regarding supplant the current wellsprings of vitality (Lerner and Lerner, 2006). How is corrosive downpour and photochemical brown haze influencing the earth because of non-renewable energy source use? Ruinous inconveniences of utilizing petroleum derivatives are the arrangement of corrosive downpour and photochemical brown haze (smoke + haze). In corrosive downpour, Carbon dioxide responds with water to shape carbonic corrosive (eq. a), which is profoundly destructive. At that point the corrosive bifurcates to give out two particles, decidedly charged H+ hydrogen particle and the contrarily charged HCO3-or hydrogen carbonate particle (eq. b). The dangerous carbonic corrosive is equipped for giving out various H+ particles that make it rather progressively acidic and brings down the ph of an answer concerning its acidic nature. 1. CO2 + H2O H2CO3(equation a) 2. H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-(condition b) Environmental nitrogen and oxygen respond to shape two moles of Nitric oxide during lightning storms. This response adds to the acidic substance of water in an unsafe manner (eq. c). Coming about Nitric oxide responds with the regularly discovered oxygen gas to frame Nitrogen dioxide in this way experiencing oxidation (eq. d) (Payne, Hahn and Mauer, 2013). 3. N2 (g) + O2(g) 2NO(gaseous) During lightning (condition c) 4. NO(g) + O2(g) NO2 (gaseous)(equation d) 5. 3NO2(g) + H2O 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)(equation e) Photochemical fumes cloud or photograph exhaust cloud, as often as possible experienced in the Los Angeles Basin, is the resultant blend of gases Ozone and Nitrogen dioxide. During ozone development in the environment, photolysis of nitrogen dioxide (from vehicle depletes) happens by the moving toward sunlight based radiation in this way bringing about nitrogen oxide and an oxygen particle (unpaired) (Gosselin and Hrudey, 2010). The brilliant (UV) radiation (h) from the sun causes photolysis of nitrogen dioxide from vehicle depletes and in this manner nitrogen dioxide changes into Nitrogen Oxide (condition a). NO2 + hv (radiation from sun) NO + O (eq. a) At that point the oxygen particle structures ozone with another air ozone atom (condition b) O + O2 O3(eq. b) In the event that the parameters are organized, at that point, O3 responds with NO to make NO2 and an oxygen iota (condition c). O3 + NO O2 + NO2(eq. c) This consistent cycle results to a negligible augmentation in net ozone age (Brown, 2002). To make photochemical exhaust cloud for an enormous scope as observed in Los Angeles, the technique must fuse Volatile natural mixes (VOC's). Further research uncovers that VOCs nearness causes a quickened develop of exhaust cloud. A case of the beginning response is as per the following: A receptive VOC molecule is the result of environmental hydroxide and an ordinary VOC (condition d) RH + OH R + H2O (eq. d) Article examination Appropriateness The content is reasonable and far reaching. A few selections are Automobiles, water transport and prepares would be energized by force and hydrogen vitality units Be it India, U.S.A or Australia, the article is important. The subheadings, headings and the general data are broadly utilized and it helped in the examination of the venture theme. Exactness The article is great and without any linguistic or spelling blunders. The data is 3 years of age as it was distribute in 2011, January (Tulchinsky and Varavikova, n.d.). It holds no difference to some other source. Believability The creator expressed about and applicable data on him is found on Google. The contact number and the assignment add to its validity. Researchers confirm the data as it originates from an examination (Breslow, 2002). The space is .Edu. Predisposition The asset presents an inside and out perspective on the theme, with the objective and non-philosophical methodology by the creator. The article is absolutely logical. The asset isn't attempting to impact my supposition and it isn't selling any item or data. The language utilized is logical and objective. A few models are: One of the best hindrances with sun based vitality and wind situated essentialness is that both can be exceedingly variableThe creator utilizes non-cliché and summed up perceptions to base the point. In this manner in by and large the article is adept for the paper. End Accordingly by the paper we havecome to the deduction that the world is in a basic need of an elective vitality source. Vehicles is the viewed as asset for this trade as they expend the vast majority of the world vitality and the petroleum derivatives holds are restricted. In by and large it is basic that we start a top to bottom research to satisfy this significant undertaking. References Anderson, R. (2006).Outbreak. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. Breslow, L. (2002).Encyclopedia of general wellbeing. New York: Macmillan Reference. Earthy colored, P. (2002).Health and the earth. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Gosselin, P. what's more, Hrudey, S. (2010).Environmental and wellbeing effects of Canada's oil sands industry. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada. Lerner, K. what's more, Lerner, B. (2006).Medicine, wellbeing, and bioethics. Detroit: Thomson/Gale. Lynch, An., Elmore, B. what's more, Kotecki, J. (n.d.).Health. Meyers, R. (2012).Encyclopedia of manageability science and innovation. New York: Springer. Morley, N. (2012). The impacts of radioactive contamination on the elements of irresistible ailments inwildlife.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 106, pp.81-97. Payne, W., Hahn, D. what's more, Mauer E. (2013).Understanding your wellbeing. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Schneider, M. (2011).Introduction to general wellbeing. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Stanford University, (2015).The world can be controlled by elective vitality, utilizing the present innovation, in 20-40 years, says Stanford specialist Mark Z. Jacobson. [online] Available at: https://news.stanford.edu/news/2011/january/jacobson-world-vitality 012611.html [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Tulchinsky, T. furthermore, Varavikova, E. (n.d.).The new general wellbeing.

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Construction Essay

The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Construction Essay The rapid technological development and industrialisation occurred in the second part of the 19th century alerted the need for improving the existing labour force in terms of operational performance and psychological underpinnings of individual activity. Applied psychology laid the ground for the emergence of the notion of occupational safety that covered basic worker compensation, factory legislation and incidence of workplace accidents (Hofmann, Burke and Zohar, 2017). Initially, academics and policy-makers focused on an individual employee to outline the work format and design basic protection measures. With the course of time, occupational safety research and practice switched its focus to the organisational structure. In line with the tendency, the framework of occupational safety gave priority to safety-related training delivered to workers within the organisational context. The gradual move from the individual employee to the organisation-wide management emphasised the role of leadership in setting up a safety climate underpinning development and practice of safety-oriented processes and systems. Continuing research in occupational safety led to the creation of a multidimensional model of the organisation’s safety culture (Hofmann, Burke and Zohar, 2017). Occupational safety legislation plays a vital role in the development and regular update of the workplace safety framework. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the key law that sets and enforces standards of workplace safety by outlining duties of employers, workers, suppliers, contractors and other stakeholders affecting implementation and malmanagement of workplace safety (Hughes and Ferrett, 2015). The Act evolved from the 1970 Employed Persons (Health and Safety) Bill that encompassed fundamental issues and regulatory activities concerning occupational safety. Though the debate around the relevance and efficiency of the Bill postponed its passage for four years, the adoption of the Occupational Safety and Health Act by the United States and the faced responsibility to align the national legislation with the corresponding European Union’s directives due to the UK’s accession to the EU forced the new Labour government to facilitate the Bill’s passage (Paterson, 2012). Since 1974, the HASA 1974 has been the fundamental law that defines the authority and structure for encouraging, enforcing and controlling workplace safety and risk management in the United Kingdom. Under the powers of the UK Parliament, the Act offers a sophisticated system of occupational safety policies, procedures and processes applicable to a wide array of industries and risks (Hughes and Ferrett, 2015). The Statutory Instrument introduced in 1974 enables government authorities to regulate occupational safety law and practice. Moreover, the Statutory Instrument attributes enforcement powers to Health and Safety Executive and Health and Safety Commission designated as components of the public supervision system. The Act objectives to secure individual employee safety and health, to protect workers against workplace risks and accidents, to control the use and storage of explosive or other dangerous substances and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere imply the use of fines and other punishment solutions to force organisations to comply their organisational culture and systems accordingly (Barrett, 2000). While regulating occupational safety at the national level, the Act aligns the UK law with the EU directives for workplace safety. Though occupational safety is importance for any industry, it is fundamental for dangerous businesses that are mostly vulnerable to workplace accidents and fatalities. The construction industry is one of such dangerous occupations with the incompatible rates of occupational trauma and death (Sherratt et al., 2015). The key reason for high unsafety concerns the fact that the industry does not set strict requirement for individual qualification and knowledge. Construction labour force typically comprises volunteers who lack technical skills and extensive training. Safety regulation in the construction industry in poor and inadequate without any specific framework in the international context. The dynamics of the industry and low value of workforce result in fast arrangement procedures when volunteers are exposed to unstructured interviews and a brief explanation of their duties without any provision of safety training that indicates the key risks and hazards, protective measures and te chnical issues (Sherratt et al., 2015). Therefore, the national occupational safety law requires a precise address of the construction industry to align its organisational culture and management with the Act provisions.

Pancreatic Cancer Is Lethal Malignancy With A Mortality Rate

Pancreatic cancer is lethal malignancy with a mortality rate that almost equals its incidence. It is the 4th leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with only a 5-year survival rate of about 6%. Pancreatic cancer remains to be one of the most aggressive tumors. When diagnosed 60-80% patients already have locally advanced or the tumor has already metastasized. A majority of pancreatic cancers are derived from the exocrine part of the pancreas. The exocrine part of the pancreas produces digestive enzymes that help break down proteins, fats, and starches. There are several mutations that have been identified in pancreatic cancer; these mutations can lead to potential biomarkers, leading towards a better prognosis for high risk patients. A majority of exocrine pancreatic cancer patients exhibit a mutation in the proto-oncogene K-RAS (A.M. Lowy et al. 2008) and mutations in gene p16. K-RAS is a member of the RAS family of GTP-binding proteins; they’re essential in the role of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival (Campbell et al. 1998; Malumbres and Barbacid 2003). Several studies have been able to identify the point mutation in K-RAS that are almost exclusively seen in pancreatic cancer. Point mutations at codon 12 (from CGT to GAT or GTT,) result in substitution of glycine with aspartate, valine, or arginine leading to an overactive K-RAS pathway. Once activated, K-RAS recruits and activates necessary proteins for the production of growthShow MoreRelatedVitamin C And Its Effect On Human Body9946 Words   |  40 Pagesalso resulted in iron absorption and hemoglobin levels in blood thus adversely affecting the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells. The reduced rate of riboflavin in pregnant women can induce multiple developmental deformities in the fetus. Some studies also report different adverse effects of deficiency of Riboflavin in different cancers. 1.2.3. Vitamin B3 or Niacin Niacin is a general term used for all the compounds which resemble the activity of vitamin B3. Vitamin B3 contain

Unit Learning and Professional Development - 843 Words

Unit 2 Merila 1.1 explain the importance of continually improving knowledge and practice Reflective practice is inoperative in order to ensure that high standards are kept continuously as circumstances children and environments change In order to reflect one must continuously be aware of approaches used and how they can be changed or developed to improve Continually improving and adapting approaches benefits both children and practitioners ensuring that each individual child needs are catered for Reflective practice involves evolving in a child centred approach The child carer benefits as his/her skills grow and develop ,enabling the highest standards of care and provision It also promotes a better level of understanding and†¦show more content†¦Reflecting on my own practice is important because it allows us to assess what I am doing well and identify areas where I might like need more training or guidance This will help to ensure that performing to the best meeting all necessary standards and expectations within our nursery’s policies and procedures It helps individuals to think about what they are doing and to always be aware of how they work with the children, families and team members. By Reflecting on our practice we can enhance and improve our confidence and self esteem because you can look at what you are doing well, the things we have learnt and achieved. This can make us feel good about ourselves, this can then give us the confidence to continue working well and to aim to try new things and to use what new skills or knowledge we have gained within our practice. In order to reflect on our practice we must be able to look at why and how we do things and to consider if a different approach may be beneficial. In order to be able to effectively reflect on our practice we must be able to be open- minded and question our own practice. If we can do this then it will help us to improve our own knowledge and skills. In order to develop these skills we should be able to: * Listen openly to the ideas of others * Reflect on your own work and the work of you team members * Consider ways to improve your practice and implement them. 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Lady Macbeth Is Responsible for the Fall of Macbeth Free Essays

Lady Macbeth is responsible for the fall of her husband It can be said that Lady Macbeth is responsible for the fall of Macbeth. I believe that she was partly responsible for this. I believe that two sets of people are responsible for the fall of Macbeth. We will write a custom essay sample on Lady Macbeth Is Responsible for the Fall of Macbeth or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Secondly I believe that Lady Macbeth is responsible for his fall. She urges him to kill Duncan questioning his manly-hood and saying that he was too kind. Finally I believe that the witches played a huge part in the fall of Macbeth. The witches put the thought of being king into Macbeth’s head in the first place. They also convinced him that he was invincible and this caused his ultimate death. I believe that Lady Macbeth is partly responsible for the fall of Macbeth. She plans and forces Macbeth to murder starting the chain reaction to his downfall. When Lady Macbeth read the letter that Macbeth sent her about his encounter with the witches she immediately starts planning Duncan’s murder. â€Å"The raven himself is hoarse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements† Lady Macbeth plans the whole murder and if Duncan had not looked like her father she would have done it herself. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done’t† She forces Macbeth to carry out the murder even though he expresses that he doesnt want to do it. â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business:† â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition ,which o’erlaps itself And falls on the other† Lady Macbeth accuses Macbeth of not loving her and questions his manly-hood in order to manipulate him into murdering Duncan. â€Å"When you durst do it then you were a man, And to be a more to be that what you were, you would e so much more the man† Lady Macbeth uses Macbeth’s lack of confidence to win him over and force him to finish the murder. â€Å"Art thou afeard To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire? † She thinks he is too â€Å"full of the milk of kindness† to fulfil the deed. This forced Lady Macbeth to convince him and manipulate him into killing Duncan. We see Lady Macbeth transform throughout the play. At the start of the play she may have been the catalyst to Macbeth rise and fall from power but by the end of the play she didn’t feature. She lost control of her mind from the guilt was suffering. Once Macbeth was king the relationship between the two disintegrated and they no longer confided in one another. Macbeth showed his true colours when he ordered for all the Macduff family to be killed, children and all. Lady Macbeth had nothing to do with this and therefore cannot be blamed entirely for Macbeth’s fall and ultimate death. Secondly, I believe that Macbeth was in some ways responsible for his own downfall. He was ambitious and strived to be the king. Once he became King he strived to stay King and became very suspicious and paranoid of all people in his country. Finally, the witches are partly responsible for Macbeth’s downfall. They meet Macbeth and Banquo on the way home from battle and they meet three witches. The witches tell Macbeth that he will become Thane of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee Thane of Glamis† â€Å"All Hail Macbeth! Hail to thee Thane of Cawdor† â€Å"All Hail Macbeth! Thou shalt be king hereafter.! † At first Macbeth doesn’t believe them but when he becomes Thane of Cawdor things start to make sense to him. After this he starts getting murderous thought and the fall of Macbeth begins. Macbeth is ambitious and his personality changes when he believes he can be king. He loses all his nobility and honour. â€Å"Glamis and Thane of Cawdor! The greatest is behind! † The witches also play another role in the fall and ultimate death of Macbeth. Macbeth goes to the witches a second time to find out his future. They tell him the future in the form of three apparitions. They tell him that he must beware of Macduff, he cannot be killed by man born of woman and he will die when the Great Birnam Woods come to Dunsinane. â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! beware Macduff; Beware the thane of Fife. † â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn The power of man, for none of woman born Shall harm Macbeth. † â€Å"Be lion-melted, proud; and take no care Who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are: Macbeth shall never vanquish’d be until Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill Shall come against him. † He believes every word of the witches to be gospel and this cause his ultimate death. He is convinced that he cannot die that he is invincible. When Macduff confronts Macbeth he tells him of their prophecy. As a result of the prophecy Macbeth believes he is invincible and this allows Macduff and his troops to get very close to Macbeth and this causes his death at the end of the play. â€Å"I bear a charmed life, which must not yield To one born of woman† The witches manipulated Macbeth into thinking he could fulfil the prophecy and become King of Scotland How to cite Lady Macbeth Is Responsible for the Fall of Macbeth, Essay examples

Life

Life-Defining Moments Essay I remember the day my world as I knew it fell apart. It was my 19th birthday and my boyfriend of almost four years sent me a text ending our relationship. Images of our wedding we had planned to the day, of our small house on base while he finished his four years in the marines, and the mental picture of what our children would look like was flashed before my eyes and one by one went up in smoke. Through the next few months I muddled though school alone and finally made it to spring break. While home I was debating what I wanted to do with my life, I was in a major I didn’t like, and all together pretty miserable. That was until I decided to have lunch with one of my best friends from high school Brittany. It was an experience I would never forget and one that made my view of myself, and my small town world change. Back in high school Brittany was the popular girl, pretty, ambitious, fiercely independent, with a fashion sense that could blow Louis Vuitton out of the water. So when she announced she was going to attend the University of Central Missouri for their fashion program no one was surprised. Then about the time of graduation she met Jeff a small town sheriff deputy and they started dating but none of us saw it getting serious. I hadn’t seen or heard from her much since we left for college-mainly due to the fact that she thinks Facebook and twitter are an invasion of privacy-so I didn’t know what she was up to until we met in town at the restaurant we both use to work at. I was excited to hear how fashion school was and if Jeff and her were even still dating since Brittany normally went through boys like Kleenex, but what came out of her mouth sent me reeling. She had dropped out of fashion school in order to move in with Jeff out in the middle of the country, she was waitressing part time at a local place and they were planning on getting married in the summer and soon starting a family. As I sat in those familiar solid oak benches surrounded by the wafting aroma of cheese burgers I was staggering to understand this new reality. As I listened to her stunned she told tales of redecorating Jeff’s trailer, and how they had gotten a puppy together, I started to realize that two emotions were rapidly growing inside me. One was anger at her for throwing her life away for some hick country boy, and the other was a staggering overwhelming realization that we had just switched places. When I left high school I had a military boyfriend who wanted me to do the college thing for a semester and then come out to live with him, get married, and quickly start a family, and at the time that was also what I wanted. Then after a semester as I thought of what was to come over Christmas break I couldn’t explain it but married life a part time job and children just wasn’t appealing to me anymore, in fact it kind of completely terrified me. So when I finally said I was staying at college he broke it off stating he couldn’t date someone who would make more money or have a higher degree of education then him. Now sitting across the table was my best friend who was exactly where I was supposed to be at this time making a home and a small town life for herself, and I wanted no part in it, I actually was angry about what she was doing with her life. I left our lunch in a state of confusion and a cloud of mixed emotions, all my life I had been surrounded by couples that were high school sweethearts, heck most girls from my graduating class were married, engaged, or pregnant already, and thinking of that as my life made me sick. I wanted a high paying job, a position of power in a company, I wanted to travel and live in a big city, and I didn’t want a husband and kids anytime soon. When I came home and people started to hear the news that I was pursuing a degree and not a relationship my home townsmen shunned the ideal, and me. Hurricane flloyd EssayThis caused me to question so many choices in my life, it made me look back on all the times I had purposely put myself in second place because I thought it was a man’s world. So when I started to reflect on my major which at the time was architecture I realized that I had compromised yet again. I had started senior year wanting to do architectural engineering and was told it was to math and science heavy for a girl and that architecture was more design based and therefore more suited for a women’s talents. I still wasn’t happy with this explanation so I continued to look into architectural engineering, and found a surprising fact. In most colleges and in the professional world men outweighed women by about 30 to 1! A lot of people refer to engineering as a 50 hour career, meaning if you choose to specialize in this forget your 9-5 work week. You’re going to be in the office some morning very early to very late at night, and working on weekends sometimes is a must. This in the past has deterred women from entering this field because of the strain this time commitment puts on those with families. Even if women do want to make this time commitment society questions them, they put pressure on them to have families and a job that allows them to be home to cook dinner, and sometimes in engineering it’s just not possible. Also with engineering it is very math and science based, these are seen as things that boys are good at where as women are design and color oriented, and this fact yet again deters women from entering the field. So into architecture I went because I was told that where I would fit in, and I very soon realized that I hated it! Every girl around me could come up with amazing design ideas and color concepts and I just couldn’t. I found myself missing math and the challenge it presented, yet when I spoke with an advisor she told me the same thing I’d been hearing since graduation â€Å"that’s really more of a difficult major then most females can handle†. And if you look at Kansas states engineering school you’d think that was true, there are about 12 men to every 1 women. So I took that as my university saying they’d would rather have men in the program then someone like me. I knew I wasn’t happy in architecture but I wasn’t sure if I could make it in a man’s world. I wasn’t a math whiz, and science wasn’t my best subject. Everything from my past was running through my head making me question my role of being a women. Should I go with the traditional values that had been placed on me, or should I go with what I think was right for me. After much consideration I decided that gender role or not I wasn’t going to be happy unless I switched. So after finals I went home for summer break and had a long discussion with my parents. I told them about my math worries and how I didn’t want to be the only girl, but they supported me as I called my advisor and made the change. Thus far I must say it’s been the best decision I could have ever made. I came to see I liked math and I’m good at it, and I missed looking at the structure and how things worked verses just making them pretty. I plan on going into a large firm and working up until I can one day own my own architectural engineering firm in a larger city like Chicago or Dallas. So here I am defying everything I’ve grown up believing, single, and in a major that has 30+ males to every female and I couldn’t be happier with how my life is turning out.

The Empowerment of Education for Women free essay sample

This paper deals with the desirability of educational empowerment for the woman as reflected in the works of Bronte, Austen and Wollstonecraft. This paper looks at the way in which women have achieved empowerment through education as shown through the works of Austen, Bronte and Wollstonecraft. It looks at their personal experiences as well as the experiences of women in their works. From the paper: It should not surprise us that Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte and Mary Wollstonecraft should in their works emphasize the importance of education to the women of their own generation. Each of these women themselves had personal experience with the ways in which education had widened their own horizons. And each also had knowledge of women who had not received any education and thus had the already circumscribed role allotted to women made even smaller. These three women understood from the measure of their own lives that what freedom existed for women, and what power was available to women, would come through education. We will write a custom essay sample on The Empowerment of Education for Women or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Midland University - ACT Scores, Admit Rate More

Midland University - ACT Scores, Admit Rate More Midland University Admissions Overview: With an acceptance rate of 61%, Midland University is not a highly selective school. Students with good grades and test scores within or above the ranges listed below have a good chance of being accepted. To apply, those interested will need to submit an application, SAT or ACT scores, and high school transcripts. Check out Midlands website for more details. Admissions Data (2016): Midland University Acceptance Rate: 61%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 420  / 520SAT Math: 420  / 535SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 19  / 24ACT English: 17 / 24ACT Math: 17  / 23What these ACT numbers mean Midland UniversityDescription: Located in Fremont, Nebraska, Midland University is a 4-year university on a 33-acre campus, and is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA). Fremont is in the eastern part of the state, about a 45-minutes drive from Omaha, and has a population of about 25,000. Students can choose from over 30 majors at the undergraduate level, and a handful of masters degrees. Popular choices include Business Administration, Nursing, Accounting, Psychology, and Elementary Education. Academics are supported by an impressive 10 to 1 student / faculty ratio and an average class size of 18. Outside of the classroom, students can participate in a number of student-run clubs and organizations, such as: fraternities and sororities, academic-based clubs, honor societies, and performing arts groups. Since the school is affiliated with the ELCA, students have the opportunity to participate in a number of faith-based activities, including chapel services, bible studies, and service pro jects. In athletics, the Midland University Warriors compete in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), within the Great Plains Athletics Conference (GPAC). Midland sponsors 12 mens and 13 womens teams, with popular choices including Football, Wrestling, Soccer, Track and Field, and Bowling. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 1,709  (1,555 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 49% Male / 51% Female75% Full-time Costs (2016- 17): Tuition and Fees: $30,430Books: $1,020 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,038Other Expenses: $2,412Total Cost: $41,900 Midland UniversityFinancial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100%Loans: 87%Average Amount of AidGrants: $17,058Loans: $6,368 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Marketing, Nursing, Elementary Education, Criminal Justice, Sports and Fitness Administration, Biology, Psychology, Accounting Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 64%Transfer-out Rate: 40%4-Year Graduation Rate: 37%6-Year Graduation Rate: 46% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Baseball, Basketball, Wrestling, Bowling, Golf, Soccer, Track and Field, Tennis, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Basketball, Golf, Bowling, Cross Country, Soccer, Softball, Tennis, Track and Field, Wrestling, Lacrosse, Volleyball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Midland University, You May Also Like These Colleges: Regis College:  ProfileBellevue University:  ProfileDrake University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Kansas:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWayne State College:  ProfileHastings College: ProfileUniversity of Wyoming:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphColorado State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphConcordia University Nebraska:  ProfileBriar Cliff University:  ProfileChadron State College:  ProfileCreighton University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Iowa:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Managing Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Diversity - Essay Example ze my environmental footprint by generating less trash, burning less oil, and wisely utilizing the resources, including the Earth’s water supply, that I have at my disposal. In a word – no. Deadlines themselves are put in place as a means to ensure that the process is both fair and equitable to all parties involved. As was the case with Broward Taxi Company, the firm was able to submit their documentation for a very long period of time; however, they procrastinated on this until the last possible moment and ultimately had to face the consequences of failing to meet such a deadline. Thought he extenuating circumstances of the monopolistic competition that exists within the Ft. Lauderdale taxi industry are disheartening, the fact remains that the deadline was missed and according to procedure the firm is no longer able to compete within the market for the following calendar year. A sense of inequality would likely exist between the shareholders that followed procedure due to the fact that they did all that was necessary but the latecomer was able to submit after the deadline without any penalty whatsoever; thereby making the deadline itself all but superfluous. As one might assume, different cultures throughout the world place a different emphasis on the importance of being timely and meeting deadlines. Although there is always room for a degree of acceptance and cultural accommodation, the fact of the matter is that when it comes to deadlines the rules cannot be bent for mere cultural reasons due to the fact that this would represent an inequality and unfair practice across the board to all shareholders involved. No, simple disagreement with a process in and of itself does not mean that it is somehow unfair. Moreover, a process does not have to necessarily be unfair if it does not meet the needs of the individual or group in question. Fairness is not a determinant of convenience; rather, it is a measurement of equality among all individuals or groups

Distribution Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Distribution Systems - Essay Example The success of an organization is highly correlated with the management expertise and ability to streamline and integrate all other parts and players of the organization into a comprehensive enterprise supply chain system in order to create a true corporate enterprise. The main goal of the Supply Chain Management is actually to maximize the synergies and add the highest possible value to the core operation of the businesses. This is achieved by the integration of all parts of the chain so as to provide efficient service to the final customer and/or consumer more effectively. Supply chain not only involves reduction in costs but also creates a value chain where at each level; certain value is added to the product without over-lapping the operations of other phases of production. The cost reduction may be achieved via less frequent transactions, reduced unpredictability of demand and lesser transportation costs and/or inventory holding. Value may be added in the course of customized services, by developing distinctive competencies throughout the whole chain and by helping both the consumers and suppli ­ers, to make save/earn more in terms of economic benefits and revenue by better understanding the business. Usually, the supply chain, despite being highly critical is not the core function of the organizations. Many organizations understand and likewise either outsource or separate the supply chain functions from the corporate head quarters. This gives birth to the concept of second tier and third tier supply chain management. Many companies are actively investing to secure acres of land for the purpose of building their logistics and supply chain network to serve the different regions of the country. The second tier relocation is targeted mainly in the less developed, cheaper areas but with a reliable road network (Sowinski,2007). Companies are making strategies to

Barriers to Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Barriers to Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Communication is a process and has many aspects to it. Communication is a dynamic process by which information is shared between individuals (Sheldon 2005). This process requires three components (Linear model Appendix figure 1.1), the sender, the receiver and the message (Alder 2003). Communication would not be possible if any of these components are absent. While Peate (2006) has suggested that communication is done every day through a linear process, Spouse (2008) argues that it is not so simple and does not follow such a linear process. He explains that due to messages being sent at the same time through verbal and non- verbal avenues, it is expected the receiver is able to understand the way this is communicated. Effective communication needs knowledge of good verbal and non-verbal communication techniques and the possible barriers that may affect good communication. The Nursing and Midwifery council (2008) states that a nurse has effective communication skills before they can register as its seen as an essential part of a nurses delivery of care. (WAG 2003) Reflecting on communication in practice will also enforce the theory behind communication and allow a nurse to look at bad and good communication in different situations. This will then enforce the use of good communication techniques in a variety of situations allowing for a more interpersonal and therapeutic nurse patient relationship. This assignment discusses health care communication and why it is important in nursing by: Exploring verbal and non-verbal communication and possible barriers By exploring the fundamentals of care set out by the Welsh assembly and the nurse and midwifery councils code of conduct a better understanding of the importance of communication is gained. Reflecting in practice using a scenario from a community posting. VERBAL COMMUNICATION Verbal communication comes in the form of spoken language; it can be formal or informal in its delivery. Verbal Language is one of the main ways in which we communicate and is a good way to gather information through a question (an integral part of communication) and answer process (Berry 2007; Hawkins and Power 1999). Therefore verbal communication in nursing should be seen as a primary process and a powerful tool in the assessment of a patient. There are two main types of questioning, open-ended questions or closed questions (Stevenson 2004). Open-ended questions tend to warrant more than a one word response and generally start with what, who, where, when, why and how. It invites the patient to talk more around their condition and how they may be feeling and provoke a more detailed assessment to be obtained (Stevenson 2004). The use open-ended questions make the patient feel they have the attention of the nurse and they are being listened too (Grover 2005). It allows for a psychological focus to be given, this feeling of interest in all aspects of the patients care allows for a therapeutic relationship to develop (Dougherty 2008). Closed questions looks for very specific information about the patient (Dougherty 2008). They are very good at ascertaining factual information in a short space of time (Baillie 2005). There are two types of closed questions: the focused and the multiple choice questions. Focused questions tend to acquire information about a particular clinical situation (e.g. asking a patient who is been prescribed Ibuprofen, are you asthmatic?) whereas multiple choice questions tend to be more based on the nurses understanding of the condition being assessed. It can be used as a tool to help the patient describe for example the pain they feel e.g. is the pain dull, sharp, throbbing etc (Stevenson 2004). For verbal communication to be effective, good listening skills are essential. Sharing information, concerns and feelings becomes difficult, if the person being spoken to doesnt look interested (Andrews 2001). Good active listening can lead to a better understanding of the patients most recent health issues (Sheldon 2005). Poor listening could be as a result of message overload, physical noise, poor effort and psychological noise. Therefore being prepared to listen and putting the effort and time are essential in a nurses role (Grover 2005). NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION This type of communication does not involve spoken language and can sometimes be more effective than words that are spoken. About 60 65 per cent of communication between people is through non verbal behaviours and that these behaviours can give clues to feelings and emotions the patient may be experiencing (Foley 2010, p. 38). Non-verbal communication adds depth to speech; to re affirm verbal communication; to control the flow of communication; to convey emotions; to help define relationships and a way of giving feedback. The integration between verbal language and paralanguage (vocal), can affect communication received (Spouse 2008) Berry (2007, pg18) highlights the depth of verbal language due to the use of paralinguistic language. The way we ask a question, the tone, and pitch, volume and speed all have an integral part to play in non verbal communication. In his opinion, personality is shown in the way that paralanguage is used as well as adding depth of meaning in the presentation of the message been communicated. Foley (2010) identifies studies where language has no real prevalence in getting across emotional feelings, in the majority of cases the person understands the emotion even if they dont understand what is being said. Paralanguage therefore is an important tool in identifying the emotional state of a patient. Non-verbal actions (kinesis) can communicate messages, such as body language, touch, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. By using the universal facial expressions of emotion, our face can show many emotions without verbally saying how we feel (Foley 2010) refer to Appendix table 2. For example, we raise our eye brows when surprised, or open our eyes wider when shocked. First impressions are vital for effective interaction; by remembering to smile with your eyes as well as your mouth can communicate an approachable person who is open. This can help to reassure a patient who is showing signs of anxiety (Mason 2010). BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION An understanding of barriers in communication is also very important. The Welsh Assemblys fundamentals of care (2003) showed that many of the problems associated with health and social care was due to failures in communication. These barriers may be the messenger portraying a judgmental or power attitude. Dickson (1999) suggested that social class can be a barrier to communication, feeling inferior to the nurse may distort the message being received, making communication difficult to maintain. Environmental barriers such as a busy ward and a stressed nurse could influence effective communication. This can greatly reduce the level of empathy and communication given as suggested by Endacott (2009). People with learning disabilities come up against barriers in communicating their needs, due to their inability to communicate verbally, or unable to understand complex new information. This leads to a breakdown in communication and their health care needs being met (Turnbull 2010). Timby (2005) stresses that when effectively communicating with patients the law as well as the NMC (2008) guidelines for consent and confidentiality must be adhered to. This also takes into account handing over to other professionals. He suggests that a patients rights to autonomy should be upheld and respected without any influence or intimidation, regardless of age, religion, gender or race. The use of communication in practice is essential and reflecting on past experience helps for a better understanding of communication, good and bad. REFLECTION Reflecting on my experience while on placement in a G.P with a practice nurse in south Wales Valleys, has helped me understand and gain practical knowledge in communicating effectively in nursing practice. The duration was for one week and includes appointments in several clinics to do with C.O.P.D (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). I will be reflecting upon one appointment using the Gibbss reflective cycle (1988). Description Due to confidentiality (NMC, 2008) the patient will be referred to as Mrs A.E. The Nurse called Mrs A.E to come to the appointment room. I could see she was anxious through her body language (palm trembling and sweaty, fidgety, calm and rapid speech). The nurse asked her to sit down. The nurse gained consent for me to sit in on her review (NMC, 2008). The review started with a basic questionnaire the nurse had pre generated on the computer. It was a fairly closed questionnaire around her breathing including how it was, when it was laboured. Questions were also asked around her medication and how she was taking her pumps. Reflecting on these questions, I feel the questions did not leave much opportunity for Mrs A.E to say anything else apart from the answer to that question. The nurse controlled the communication flow. The Nurse did not have much eye contact with the patient and was facing the computer rather than her patient. I wondered if the nurse had notice the anxious non-verbal communication signs. The patient seemed almost on the verge of tears, I wasnt sure if this was anxiety, distress from being unwell, or she was unhappy about something else. I felt quite sorry for her as all her body language communicated to me that she was not happy. She had her arms crossed across her body (an indication of comforting herself) and she did not smile. She also looked very tense and uncomfortable. The Nurse went on with the general assessment and did the lung test and I took the blood pressure and pulse, gaining consent first as required by the NMC. Once all the questions had been answered on the computer the Nurse turned to face Mrs A.E and I noticed she had eye contact with her and had her body slightly tilted toward the patient (non verbal communication). The Nurse gave her information on why her asthma may be a bit worse at the moment and gave her clear and appropriate information on how she can make manage her COPD at this time of year. The Nurse gave her lots of guidance on the use of her three different pumps, and got her to repeat back to her the instructions, to make sure she understood. I could feel the patient getting more at ease as the communication progressed and also on the confirmation that she understood the instruction. The Nurse knew this patient well and then set the rest of the time talking to the patient about any other concerns she had and how she was fe eling in herself, using a more open question technique. The nurse used her active listening skills and allowed the patient to talk about her problems and gave her empathy at her situation as well and some solutions to think about. She gave the patient information of a support group that helped build up confidence in people with chronic conditions and helped them deal with the emotional side of their condition. Feelings After the patient had gone, my mentor explained that the patient was a regular to the clinic, she had many known anxiety issues which werent helped by her chronic asthma. Through-out the beginning of the review I felt very awkward. I thought, because I was sitting in on the review, may have been the reason the lady had not said why she seemed so anxious and upset. I also felt the nurse was not reacting to the sign of anxiety from Mrs A.E and this made me feel uncomfortable. I felt like I wanted to ask her if she was ok, but felt that I couldnt interrupt the review. However by the end of the review I felt a lot better about how it had gone. I did feel that by building up a relationship with the patients allowed the nurse to understand the communication needs of the patient and also allowed her to use the time she had effectively. She used empathy in her approach to the lady and actively listened to her. I understand that the start of the review was about getting the facts of the condition using a lot of closed questions, whereas the later part of the review was a more open questions and non verbal communication approach, allowing the patient to speak a bout any concerns and feelings about those questions asked earlier. Evaluation Effectively using closed questions allow for a lot of information to be gathered in a short space of time, and can be specific to the patients review needs. These pre-generated questionnaires are good at acquiring the information needed by the G.P. and also for good record keeping which are essential in the continuity of care delivered to the patient (NMC 2008). It can also protect the nurse from any litigation issues. The use of open and closed questions also allowed for the review to explore the thoughts and feelings of the patient, thus allowing for empathy from the nurse and is considered a vital part of the counselling relationship (Chowdhry, 2010 pg. 22). However the use of the computer screen facing away from the patient, did not allow for good non-verbal communication skills to be used. The lack of eye contact from the nurse may have exacerbated the anxiety felt by the patient. Hayward (1975, p. 50) summarised in research that anxiety highlighted an uncertainty about illness or future problems. This link to anxiety was also linked to increased pain. Nazarko (2009) points out, it is imperative that a person has the full attention of the nurse when they are communicating. He states that being aware of ones own non-verbal behaviours, such as posture and eye contact can have an effect on how communication is received by the patient. As evident in the reflection, the patient at the beginning of the review was anxious, upset and worried. By the end of the review her body language had significantly changed. The patient looked and felt a lot better in herself and had a better understanding of how her condition was affecting her and understood how to manage it. However if this information was badly communicated, the patients anxiety could have been prolonged (Hayward, 1975). This also links back to the need to understand medical conditions so that communication is channelled to the patients needs at the time. The fundamentals of care set out by the Welsh Assembly Government (2003), states that communication is of upmost importance in the effectiveness of care given by nurses. By looking at all the fundamentals of communication and the effect on patient care we can understand and recognise that the communication in this reflection was good communication in practice. Analysis The closed questions were used at the beginning of the review, had their advantages. They allowed the nurse to focus the on the specific clinical facts needed. The start of the review used mainly closed questions to get all the clinical facts needed to be recorded, such as Personal information, Spirometry results, blood pressure, drug management of COPD (Robinson, 2010). The structured approach allows the nurse to evaluate using measurable outcomes and thus interventions adjusted accordingly (Dougherty, 2008). The closed question approach allows the consultation to be shortened if time is an issue. However the disadvantage of this as identified by Berry (2007) is that important information may be missed. The use of closed questions on a computer screen hindered the use of non-verbal communication. Not allowing for eye contact, which is an important aspect of effective communication. The use of open questions in the review allowed the patient to express how they were feeling about their condition or any other worries. The nurse used active listening skills, communicated in her non-verbal behaviour. It gave the opportunity to the patient to ask for advice on any worries they might have. The use of open questions can provoke a long and sometimes not totally relevant response (Baillie, 2005), using up valuable time. Eye contact is another important part of communication in the reflective scenario. The eye contact at the start of the review was limited. The nurse made slight eye contact when asking the closed questions, but made none when given the answer. This may have contributed to the patients anxious state. However, the eye contact given during the open questions section. At this stage, there were several eye contacts between the nurse and patient and information was given and understood. The value of eye contact in communication is invaluable and has great effect at reducing symptoms of anxiety (Dougherty 2008). Reflection conclusion The use of communication in this COPD review was very structured. The use of closed questions helped to structure the consultation and acquire lots of information from the patient. The open questions allowed for the patient to express any feeling or concerns. The nurse used verbal and non-verbal communication methods, to obtain information about the patient; assess any needs and communicate back to the patient, within the time period. However in my opinion, if the computer screen was moved closer to the patient during the closed question section, better interaction could have been established from the beginning. It would also allow the nurse to look at the patient when asking the questions leading to a more therapeutic relationship, whilst still obtaining and recording a large amount of information. Therefore, the use of effective communication skills as seen in this review along with a person centred approach can significantly increase better treatment and care given to the patient (Spouse, 2008) and thus signifies good communication in practice. Action Plan The goal of the plan is to increasing patient participation in the use of the computer as an interactive tool. By allowing the patient to see what is on the screen and being written, allows the patient to feel more involved in the assessment and takes away any feeling of inferiority from social class difference. In attempt to achieving these goals, the following steps would be taken: Set up a team to investigate the issue which could involve nursing staffs or other hospital staffs. Drawing up a feedback questionnaire, to investigate how patients feel about the closed questions on the computer, including a section on how they would feel if they were allowed to look at the screen. Collation, analysis and review of the results of the feedback Identify barriers to the implementation of the plan (e.g. willingness of nurses to this change). Inform the NMC on the issues and the findings from the feedback questionnaire. Implementation of the plan. Set up a monitoring and evaluation team to see if the plan is being implemented appropriately. CONCLUSION This assignment has looked at communication and its importance in nursing practice. Communication is thus an important process involving the interaction between one or more persons using verbal and non-verbal methods. Understanding the barriers to communication contributes significantly to how effective a nurse communicates in practice. The use of questioning in nursing has been a valuable tool in assessing a patient and obtaining information. However the way this is done can have an effect on the development of empathy, trust, genuineness and respect, between the nurse and the patient. It is imperative for nurses to however reflect on their communication in practice to further improve the therapeutic relationship between them and the patient as has been identified as essential in the delivery of care (WAG 2003). REFERENCES Alder, RB. Rodman, G. 2003. Understanding human communication: (8th edition). USA: Oxford university press Andrews, C. Smith, J. 2001. Medical Nursing: (11th edition) London: Harcourt Publishers limited Berry, D. 2007. Basic forms of communication. In: Payne, S. Horn, S. ed. Health communication theory and practice. England: Open university press. Chowdhry, S. 2010. Exploring the concept of empathy in nursing: can lead to abuse of patient trust. Nursing times 160(42), pp. 22-25 Dickson, D. 1999. Barriers to communication. In: Long, A. ed. Interaction for practice in community nursing. England: Macmillian press LTD, pp. 84-132 Dougherty, L. Lister, S. ed. 2008. The royal marsden hospital manual of clinical nursing procedures. Student edition. 7th ed. Italy: Wiley-Blackwell Egan, G. 1990. The skilled helper: A systematic approach to effective helping. 4th ed. California: Brooks /Cole Ekman, p. Friesen, WV. 1975. Unmasking the face. Englewood cliffs, NJ: prentice-hall INC Endacott, R. Jevon, P. Cooper, S. 2009. Clinical Nursing Skills Core and Advanced. Oxford : Oxford University Press. Foley, GN. 2010. Non-verbal communication in psychotherapy. Psychiatry (Edgemont) 7(6) pp. 38-44 Gibbs, G. 1988. Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford: Oxford further education unit. Grover, SM. 2005. Shaping effective communication skills and therapeutic relationship at work. Aaohn journal 53(4) pp.177-182 Hawkins, K. Power, C. 1999. Gender differences in questions asked during small decision-making group discussions, small group research.(30) pg.235-256 Hayward, J. 1975. Information A prescription against pain. London: Royal college of nursing. p. 50 Marie- Claire Mason 2010. Effective interaction: Nursing Standard 24(31) p 25. Nazarko, L. 2009. Advanced communication skills. British journal of healthcare assistants. 3 (09) pp 449-452 Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC)2008. The Code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London. NMC Peate, I. 2006. Becoming a nurse in the 21st century. England: Wiley and Son Robinson, T. 2010. Empowering people to self-manage COPD with management plans and hand held records. Nursing times. 106(38) pp. 12-14 Sale, J. Neal, NM. 2005. The nurses approach: self-awareness and communication. In Ballie, L. ed. Developing practical nursing skills. 2nd ed. London: Oxford university press. Pg. 33-57 Sheldon, L. 2005. Communication for nurses: Talking with patients. London: Jones and Bartlett publishers. Spouse, J. Cook, M. Cox, C. 2008. Common foundation studies in nursing (4th edition). London: Churchill livingstone. Stevenson C, Grieves M, Stein Parbury J. 2004. Patient and Person: Empowering Interpersonal relationships in Nursing London. Elsevier Limited. Timby, BK. 2005. Fundemental Nursing Skills and Concepts Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Turnbull J, Chapman ,S. 2010. Supporting Choice in Health Care for People with Learning Disabilities. Nursing Standard 24 (22) pp 50 55 Welsh Assembly Government 2003. Fundamentals of Care Guidance for Health and Social Care Staff Cardiff: WAG

How to Brief a Case Using the “IRAC” Method

Located in an upscale neighborhood, then perhaps it could argue that its failure to provide security patrols is reasonable. If the business is located in a crime-ridden area, When briefing a case, your goal is to reduce the information from the case into a format that will provide you with a helpful reference in class and for review.Most importantly, by â€Å"briefing† a case, you will grasp the problem the court faced (the issue); the relevant law the court used to solve it (the rule); how the court applied the rule to the facts (the application or â€Å"analysis†); and the outcome (the conclusion). You will then be ready to not only discuss the case, but to compare and contrast it to other cases involving a similar issue.Before attempting to â€Å"brief† a case, read the case at least once. Follow the â€Å"IRAC† method in briefing cases: Facts*Write a brief summary of the facts as the court found them to be. Eliminate facts that are not relevant to the court’s analysis. For example, a business’s street address is probably not relevant to the court’s decision of the issue of whether the business that sold a defective product is liable for the resulting injuries to the plaintiff. However, suppose a customer who was assaulted as she left its store is suing the business.The customer claims that her injuries were the reasonably foreseeable result of the business’s failure to provide security patrols. If the business is then perhaps the customer is right. Instead of including the street address in the case brief, you may want to simply describe the type of neighborhood in which it is located. (Note: the time of day would be another relevant factor in this case, among others).Procedural History*What court authored the opinion: The United States Supreme Court? The California Court of Appeal? The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals? (Hint: Check under the title of the case: The Court and year of the decision will be given). If a trial court issued the decision, is it based on a trial, or motion for summary judgment, etc.? If an appellate court issued the decision, how did the lower courts decide the case?IssueWhat is the question presented to the court? Usually, only one issue will be discussed, but sometimes there will be more. What are the parties fighting about, and what are they asking the court to decide? For example, in the case of the assaulted customer, the issue for a trial court to decide might be whether the business had a duty to the customer to provide security patrols.The answer to the question will help to ultimately determine * This applies to case briefs only, and not exams. Use the IRAC method in answering exams: Issue/Rule/Analysis/Conclusion. whether the business is liable for negligently failing to provide security patrols: whether the defendant owed plaintiff a duty of care, and what that duty of care is, are key issues in negligence claims.Rule(s):Determine what the relev ant rules of law are that the court uses to make its decision. These rules will be identified and discussed by the court. For example, in the case of the assaulted customer, the relevant rule of law is that a property owner’s duty to prevent harm to invitees is determined by balancing the foreseeability of the harm against the burden of preventive measures.There may be more than one relevant rule of law to a case: for example, in a negligence case in which the defendant argues that the plaintiff assumed the risk of harm, the relevant rules of law could be the elements of negligence, and the definition of â€Å"assumption of risk† as a defense. Don’t just simply list the cause of action, such as â€Å"negligence† as a rule of law: What rule must the court apply to the facts to determine the outcome?Application/Analysis:This may be the most important portion of the brief. The court will have examined the facts in light of the rule, and probably considered a ll â€Å"sides† and arguments presented to it. How courts apply the rule to the facts and analyze the case must be understood in order to properly predict outcomes in future cases involving the same issue. What does the court consider to be a relevant fact given the rule of law?How does the court interpret the rule: for example, does the court consider monetary costs of providing security patrols in weighing the burden of preventive measures? Does the court imply that if a business is in a dangerous area, then it should be willing to bear a higher cost for security? Resist the temptation to merely repeat what the court said in analyzing the facts: what does it mean to you? Summarize the court’s rationale in your own words. If you encounter a word that you do not know, use a dictionary to find its meaning.ConclusionWhat was the final outcome of the case? In one or two sentences, state the court’s ultimate finding. For example, the business did not owe the assault ed customer a duty to provide security patrols.

A Family’s Influence in “Death of a Salesman”

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller depicts the life of a salesman named Willy Loman and his family in 1950’s New York. Willy Loman reflects on his life in his old age with dissatisfaction, and at the close of the play ends up taking his own life. A family can emotionally hurt each member of it’s content more than any other person because of their closeness and similar thinking, as is shown throughout the play through the Loman family. Arthur Miller uses vividly portrayed flashbacks from Willy’s life to explain how one’s family can influence a person to feel like a failure. One way the author portrays Willy’s regrets is by introducing his older brother, Ben Loman. Ben ventured to Alaska to seek out a fortune and have an adventure, and although he invited Willy, he declined to stay in New York and become a salesman. Willy tells his Boss â€Å"I was almost decided to go when†¦ I realized that selling was the greatest career a man could want. † (p. 1859) He then goes on to say that although it was once a great business, the times have changed and instead of personality and friendship in the job, the people do not know him anymore. Willy also complains to his son, Happy, that he should have gone with Ben and made a fortune, rather than staying behind. â€Å"Why didn’t I go to Alaska with my brother Ben that time! That man was a genius, that man was success incarnate! What a mistake! † (p. 1839). Miller is telling through these passages that older siblings are able to make one feel inferior, when comparing your own successes to theirs. Ben overshadowed Willy with his accomplishments, feeling like he did not live up to expectations from his family. Older siblings create a standard for younger siblings to live up to, and if one does not live up to these standards just like Willy Loman, there is a sense of inferiority and failure. Willy Loman once had a strong relationship with his boys. Miller contrasts Willy’s past relationship with his two sons, Happy and Biff, with their current relationship to illustrate how your children’s dissapproval and strained relationship will affect one’s sense of failure. In Act I, Willy gets lost in a daydream where his boys are laughing and joking with him and hanging on his every word. When he tells them of his travels, they ask to be taken along, and offer to carry his bags. (p. 1835). Miller uses the small gesture of the boys asking to carry their Father’s bag to show that they had a true respect for him once, and would offer to do the smallest things to please him. This instance is contrasted when Biff is speaking to his Mother about Willy’s well being and yells â€Å"I know he’s a fake and he doesn’t like anybody around who knows! † (p. 1848). Throughout their lives, their relationship has become strained and Biff no longer feels the same respect for his Father as he did once before. Willy outwardly resents Biff every time they come in contact, but in reality he is resenting himself inwardly as Biff tells him the things he is starting to believe are true about himself. When a parents child has ceased to believe that their parent is magical and true in every way, that person will feel as though they have failed to teach their children, just as Willy Loman felt he had failed to teach Biff and Happy. The relationship between husband and wife is crucial to a family’s foundation and ultimate happiness. While Linda and Willy Loman have a seemingly wonderful relationship, Willy has an affair with a character simply called The Woman. The author portrays Willy’s deep guilt towards Linda during a daydream when The Woman is introduced. Willy flirts with The Woman, with her saying that he is funny and generous. Willy gives her a new pair of stockings, and she tells him while he kisses her â€Å"You just kill me, Willy. And thanks for the stockings. I love a lot of stockings. † (p. 1838) The scene then changes to Linda mending a pair of old stockings, telling Willy it is because they are so expensive. Willy lashes out at her quickly, telling her to throw them out. Miller uses this contrast between the two women in Willy’s life to portray the guilt he feels towards the affair, and illustrating that his heart does not completely lie in the marriage he is in. Both women are offering Willy adoring comments, but while he is able to buy The Woman new pairs of stockings, his wife is at home mending an old pair. Willy had become unhappy at home, and had therefore tried to find his happiness somewhere else in another woman, offering her new things rather than his wife. The author is telling his audience that marital relationships are very important, and if it is not strong then the rest of the family will continue to suffer, and eventually feel the effect of their failed relationships. In another essay by Arthur Miller, he states that Willy â€Å"gave his life, or sold it, in order to justify the waste of it. † (p. 1892). The failed family relationships from his wife and children, as well as the shadow of his brother hanging over his head, had led Willy to believe he was worth more dead than he was alive. A person’s family has more influence on a person’s self esteem and worth more than any other factor, and can either lead to great self esteem, or in the case of Willy Loman, a sense of intense failure.

Water Is Life s Mater And Matrix, Mother And Medium

Water is life s mater and matrix, mother and medium. There is no life without water, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (1937 Nobel Prize for Medicine, 1893-1986). Water is an ever-present chemical substance that consists of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O), and is essential for all known forms of life. It is mostly used in the liquid form, but can also be used in a solid form (ice), and also a gaseous form as we all know is called water vapour or steam. Approximately ninety-seven percent (97%) of the water on earth is salt water. While the other three percent (3%) is fresh water which slightly over two thirds is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. The remaining unfrozen fresh water is mainly found as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air. Humans have many different uses for water, which includes: personal hygiene, drinking, cooking, domestic (household cleaning), recreational, industrial, food processing, agricultural, transportation and lubrication. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water. Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet the world s supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to increase, so too does the water demand. Life on earth without water is difficult to imagine. We need water almost every minute of the day for carrying out daily routines. Worldwide, there would be a crisis which will eventually lead toShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesof Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 SettingRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 Pages an elected member of the International Statistical Institute, and an elected Academican of the International Academy of Quality. He is a Shewhart Medalist of the American Society for Quality, and he also has received the Brumbaugh Award, the Lloyd S. Nelson Award, the William G. Hunter Award, and two Shewell Awards from the ASQ. He is a recipient of the Ellis R. Ott Award. He is a former editor of the Journal of Quality Technology, is one of the current chief editors of Quality and Reliability EngineeringRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Beh aviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their